TechInfoDepot:DD-WRT/Wl command
Wl command @ dd-wrt
'wl' is probably the most important tool in the routers firmware to access and control wireless hardware. It can be accesed from a telnet or SSH terminal or through the Web Interface. Tools such as Wiviz or Kismet Server/Drone use it to configure the radios, monitor packets and extract information directly from them.
Setup
No setup is required as 'wl' comes with all Broadcom DD-WRT installations.
(For Atheros Hardware, this functionality is absent/less developed, and users will need to use the 'ifconfig' and 'wl_atheros' commands instead.
See these threads: wl command "not found", Regarding "wl command not found" and others)
Usage
Most of the wireless options can be accessed using the program "wl" via the console window. This program has many more options than our WRT is able to process. Some can only be used in Client Mode and others only in Access Point (AP) Mode.
Usage: wl [-a|i <adapter>] [-hu] <command> [arguments] -a, -i adapter name or number -h, -u this message Examples: ~ # wl ssid ~ # wl txpwr1 -o -m 35
Note For NEWD-2 builds, you must specify the interface when performing a command.
Example:
~ # wl -i eth1 status
If you have multiple radios, then each one will have it's own interface, i.e eth2, eth3
Common Tasks
Toggle radio on/off, restart, etc
- ~ # wl up
reinitialize adapter and mark as up
- ~ # wl down
reset adapter and mark as down
- ~ # wl out
mark adapter down but do not reset hardware.
- ~ # wl radio
toggle radio on/off
~ # wl radio radio is on (WL_RADIO_SW_DISABLE 0 WL_RADIO_HW_DISABLE 0) ~ # wl radio off ~ # wl radio radio is off (WL_RADIO_SW_DISABLE 1 WL_RADIO_HW_DISABLE 0) ~ # wl radio on
- ~ # wl restart
restart the driver. (Driver must already be down)
Alphabetical list of commands
aciargs
Get/Set various aci tuning parameters. Choices are:
enter: CRS glitch trigger level to start detecting ACI
exit: CRS glitch trigger level to exit ACI mode
glitch Seconds interval between ACI scans when glitchcount is continuously high
spin: Num microsecs to delay between rssi samples
Usage: wl aciargs [enter x][exit x][spin x][glitch x]
addwep
Set an encryption key.
The key must be 5, 13 or 16 bytes long, or
10, 26, 32, or 64 hex digits long. The encryption algorithm is
automatically selected based on the key size. keytype is accepted
only when key length is 16 bytes/32 hex digits and specifies
whether AES-OCB or AES-CCM encryption is used. Default is ccm.
addwep <keyindex> <keydata> [ocb | ccm] [notx] [xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx]
aes
Set AES options.
wl aes [options]
[on|enable|1] enable AES
[off|disable|0] disable AES
[sw|software] perform AES in software
[hw|hardware] perform AES in hardware
antdiv
Sets which antenna to use to receive on.
0 - force use of antenna 0
1 - force use of antenna 1
3 - automatic selection of antenna diversity
Note: can be used in conjunction with 'wl txant' to set the transmit antenna.
ap
Set AP mode: 0 (STA) or 1 (AP)
assoc
Print information about current network association. (also known as "status")
SSID: "XXXX"
Mode: Managed RSSI: -48 dBm noise: -97 dBm Channel: 6
BSSID: XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX Capability: ESS
Supported Rates: [ 1(b) 2(b) 5.5 11 ]
assoclist
AP only: Get the list of associated MAC addresses.
atten
Set the transmit attenuation for B band.
Args: bb radio txctl1.
auto to revert to automatic control
authe_sta_list
Get authenticated sta mac address list
autho_sta_list
Get authorized sta mac address list
authorize
Restrict traffic to 802.1X packets until 802.1X authorization succeeds
band
Returns or sets the current band
auto - auto switch between available bands (default)
a - force use of 802.11a band
b - force use of 802.11b band
bands
Return the list of available 802.11 bands
bssid
Get the BSSID value, error if STA and not associated
cap
Display WL Capabilities
ap sta wet led wme pio 802.11d 802.11h rm cqa afterburner
channel
Set the channel:
valid channels for 802.11b/g (2.4GHz band) are 1 through 14
valid channels for 802.11a (5 GHz band) are:
36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64,
100, 104, 108, 112, 116,120, 124, 128, 132, 136, 140,
149, 153, 157, 161,
184, 188, 192, 196, 200, 204, 208, 212, 216
channel_qa
Get last channel quality measurment
channel_qa_start
Start a channel quality measurment
clk
set board clock state. return error for set_clk attempt if the driver is not down
0: clock off
1: clock on
cmds
Lists all the wl commands available
Origional German
Generiert eine Komando-Kurtzübersicht
Die meisten wirreless-Optionen können über das Programm "wl" auch über die Console eingestellt und überwacht werden
Eine übersicht über alle wl- Comandos erhält man mit der Eingabe von:
~ # wl cmds ver cmds up down out clk restart reboot ucflags radio dump srdump nvdump nvset nvget revinfo msglevel PM wake promisc monitor frag rts cwmin cwmax srl lrl rate mrate infra ap bssid channel tssi txpwr txpwr1 txpathpwr txpwrlimit powerindex atten phyreg radioreg shmem macreg antdiv txant plcphdr phytype scbdump ratedump rateparam wepstatus primary_key addwep rmwep wep tkip aes keys tsc wsec_test tkip_countermeasures wsec_restrict eap authorize deauthorize deauthenticate wsec wpa_auth set_pmk scan passive regulatory spect scanresults assoc status disassoc chanlist channels channels_in_country curpower scansuppress evm rateset roam_trigger roam_delta roam_scan_period suprates scan_channel_time scan_unassoc_time scan_home_time scan_passive_time scan_nprobes prb_resp_timeout channel_qa channel_qa_start country locale join ssid mac macmode wds lazywds noise fqacurcy crsuprs int lbt band bands phylist shortslot shortslot_override shortslot_restrict ignore_bcns pktcnt upgrade gmode gmode_protection gmode_protection_control gmode_protection_cts gmode_protection_override legacy_erp scb_timeout assoclist rssi isup fasttimer slowtimer glacialtimer radar rssidump interference aciargs frameburst pwr_percent wet dtim wds_remote_mac wds_wpa_role_old wds_wpa_role authe_sta_list autho_sta_list measure_req quiet csa constraint rm_req rm_rep wme sta_info cap ~ #
This program has many more options than our WRT is able to process.
Some can only be used in Client Mode and others only in Access Point (AP) Mode.
country
Select Country code for use with 802.11d
Use either long name or abbreviation from ISO 3166.
Use 'wl country list [band(a or b)]' for the list of supported countries
constraint
Send an 802.11h Power Constraint IE
Usage: wl constraint 1-255 db
crsuprs
Manufacturing test: set carrier suppression mode.
carriersuprs syntax is: crsuprs <channel>
Arg is channel number 1-14, or 0 to stop the test.
csa
Send an 802.11h channel switch anouncement
Usage wl csa <mode> <when (in TBTTs)> <channel>
cwmin
Set the cwmin. (integer [1, 255])
cwmax
Set the cwmax. (integer [256, 2047])
disassoc
Disassociate from the current BSS/IBSS.
dtim
Get/Set DTIM
dump
print driver software state and chip registers to stdout
~ # wl dump wl0: Aug 2 2004 14:32:51 version 3.60.13.0 resets 27 perm_etheraddr 00:90:4c:xx:xx:xx cur_etheraddr 00:12:17:xx:xx:xx board 0x101, board rev 1.0 wsec 0 auth 0 wsec_index -1 wep_algo 0 rate_override 0 antdiv_override 1 txant 1 current_bss.BSSID 00:fb:dd:xx:xx:xx current_bss.SSID "www.fbn-dd.de (HSS)" assoc_state 0 associated 1 ~ #
deauthenticate
Deauthenticate a STA from the AP with optional reason code (AP ONLY)
deauthorize
Do not restrict traffic to 802.1X packets until 802.1X authorization succeeds
eap
Restrict traffic to 802.1X packets until 802.1X authorization succeeds
0 - disable
1 - enable
chanlist
Return valid channels for the current settings is nice.
channels
Return valid channels for the current settings.
channels_in_country
Return valid channels for the country specified.
Arg 1 is the country abbreviation
Arg 2 is the band(a or b) (editors note: only b seems to be recognized in dd-wrt v22)
Example: wl channels_in_country JP b
curpower
Return current tx power settings
evm
Start an EVM test on the given channel, or stop EVM test.
Arg 1 is channel number 1-14, or "off" or 0 to stop the test.
Arg 2 is optional rate (1, 2, 5.5 or 11)
frameburst
Disable/Enable frameburst mode
fasttimer
Get/Set High frequency watchdog timeout (tx_power) [15 sec]
frag
Set the fragmentation threshhold. (integer [256, 2346])
fqacurcy
Manufacturing test: set frequency accuracy mode.
freqacuracy syntax is: fqacurcy <channel>
Arg is channel number 1-14, or 0 to stop the test.
glacialtimer
Get/Set Very Low frequency watchdog timeout (measurelo) [120 sec]
gmode
Set the 54g Mode
LegacyB|Auto||GOnly|BDeferred|Performance|LRS|Afterburner
- LegacyB -
- Auto [default]
- BDeferred -
- Performance -
- LRS - Limited Rate Support used to improve compatibility with older 802.11b cards.
- Afterburner -
gmode_protection
Get G protection mode.
0 - disabled
1 - enabled
gmode_protection_control
Get/Set 11g protection mode control alg.
(0=always off, 1=monitor local association, 2=monitor overlapping BSS)
gmode_protection_cts
Get/Set 11g protection type to CTS
(0=disable, 1=enable)
gmode_protection_override
Get/Set 11g protection mode override.
(-1=auto, 0=disable, 1=enable)
ignore_bcns
AP only (G mode): Check for beacons without NONERP element (0=Examine beacons, 1=Ignore beacons)
int
Interrupt Test - remember to precede by 'wl down' and follow by 'wl up'
interference
Get/Set interference mitigation mode. Choices are:
0 = none
1 = non wlan
2 = wlan manual
3 = wlan automatic
infra
Set Infrastructure mode: 0 (ad-hoc IBSS) or 1 (managed BSS)
isup
Get driver operational state (0=down, 1=up)
join
Join a specified network SSID.
Join syntax is:
join <ssid> [key xxxxx] [imode bss|ibss] [amode open|shared|wpa|wpapsk|wpanone]
keys
Prints a list of the current WEP keys
lazywds
Set or get "lazy" WDS mode (dynamically grant WDS membership to anyone).
lbt
Loopback Test - remember to precede by 'wl down' and follow by 'wl up'
legacy_erp
Get/Set 11g legacy ERP inclusion (0=disable, 1=enable)
locale
OBSOLETE: use "wl country"
Select the country:
Worldwide
Thailand
Israel
Jordan
China
Japan
USA/Canada/ANZ
Europe
USAlow
JapanHigh
All
lrl
lrl Set the long retry limit. (integer [1, 255])
mac
Set or get the list of source MAC address matches.
wl mac xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx [xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx ...]
To Clear the list: wl mac none
macmode
Set the mode of the MAC list.
0 - Disable MAC address matching.
1 - Deny association to stations on the MAC list.
2 - Allow association to stations on the MAC list.
macreg
Get/Set any mac registers(include IHR and SB)
macreg offset size[2,4] [value]
measure_req
Send an 802.11h measurement request.
Usage: wl measure_req <type> <target MAC addr>
Measurement types are: TPC, Basic, CCA, RPI
Target MAC addr format is xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
monitor
set monitor mode
0 - disable
1 - enable active monitor mode (interface still operates)
mrate
force a fixed multicast rate:
valid values for 802.11a are (6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54)
valid values for 802.11b are (1, 2, 5.5, 11)
valid values for 802.11g are (1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54)
-1 (default) means automatically determine the best rate
- After using wl mrate set the multicast rate, how to check if it has been correctly setted? How to get the current mrate value? Skygunner
msglevel
set driver console debugging message bitvector
type 'wl msglevel ?' for values
noise
Get noise (moving average) right after tx in dBm
nvdump
print nvram variables to stdout No function. Use nvram show!
nvget
get the value of an nvram variable
nvset
set an nvram variable
name=value (no spaces around '=')
passive
Puts scan engine into passive mode
phylist
Return the list of available phytypes
phyreg
Get/Set a phy register.
radioreg
Get/Set a radio register.
phytype
Get phy type
pktcnt
Get the summary of good and bad packets.
plcphdr
Set the plcp header.
"long" or "auto" or "debug"
PM
set driver power management mode:
0: CAM (constantly awake)
1: PS (power-save)
2: FAST PS mode
powerindex
Set the transmit power for A band(0-63).
-1 - default value
prb_resp_timeout
Get/Set probe response timeout
primary_key
Set or get index of primary key
promisc
set promiscuous mode ethernet address reception
0 - disable
1 - enable
pwr_percent
Get/Set power output percentage
quiet
Send an 802.11h quiet command.
Usage: wl quiet <TBTTs until start>, <duration (in TUs)>, <offset (in TUs)>
radar
Enable/Disable radar
radio
When used without arguments, toggles radio on/off.
Arguments: up - reinitialize adapter and mark as up down - reset adapter and mark as down out - mark adapter down but do not reset hardware restart - Examples: wl radio wl radio up
rate
force a fixed rate:
valid values for 802.11a are (6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54)
valid values for 802.11b are (1, 2, 5.5, 11)
valid values for 802.11g are (1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54)
-1 (default) means automatically determine the best rate
ratedump
print driver rate selection tunables and
per-scb state to stdout, valid scb values are
0 through NSCB-1
rateparam
set driver rate selection tunables
arg 1: tunable id
arg 2: tunable value
rateset
Returns or sets the supported and basic rateset.
(b) indicates basic
With no args, returns the rateset. Args are
rateset "default" | "all" | <arbitrary rateset>
default - driver defaults
all - all rates are basic rates
arbitrary rateset - list of rates
List of rates are in Mbps and each rate is optionally followed
by "(b)" or "b" for a Basic rate. Example: 1(b) 2b 5.5 11
At least one rate must be Basic for a legal rateset.
reboot
Reboot platform
revinfo
get hardware revision information
~ # wl revinfo vendorid: 0x14e4 deviceid: 0x4320 radiorev: 0x22050000 chipnum: 0x4712 chiprev: 0x1 corerev: 0x7 boardid: 0x101 boardvendor: 0x14e4 boardrev: 0x10 driverrev: 0x33c0d00 ucoderev: 0x1180016 bus: 0x0 ~ #
regulatory
Get/Set regulatory domain mode (802.11d). Driver must be down.
roam_delta
Set the roam candidate qualification delta. (integer)
rm_rep
Get current radio measurement report
rm_req
Request a radio measurement of type basic, cca, or rpi
specify a series of measurement types each followed by options.
example: wl rm_req cca -c 1 -d 50 cca -c 6 cca -c 11
Options:
-t n numeric token id for measurement set or measurement
-c n channel
-d n duration in TUs (1024 us)
-p parallel flag, measurement starts at the same time as previous
Each measurement specified uses the same channel and duration as the
previous unless a new channel or duration is specified.
rmwep
Remove the encryption key at the specified key index.
roam_scan_period
Set the roam candidate qualification delta. (integer)
roam_trigger
Set the roam trigger RSSI threshold. (integer)
rssi
Get the current RSSI (signal strength) value.
In AP mode, you must specify the mac address of the wireless card who's signal signal you wish to monitor. You can use wl assoclist to get the client mac list.
wl rssi <MAC_ADDR_OF_CLIENT>
In client mode there is no need to specify the MAC address of the AP as it will just use the AP that you are associated with.
See also: Signal Strength on the Script Examples page for a one line script to display a bar graph of the current signal level.
rssidump
Dump rssi values from aci scans
rts
Set the RTS threshhold. (integer [0, 2347])
scan_channel_time
Get/Set scan channel time
scan_home_time
Get/Set scan home channel dwell time
scan_nprobes
Get/Set scan parameter for number of probes to use per channel scanned
scan_passive_time
Get/Set passive scan channel dwell time
scan_unassoc_time
Get/Set unassociated scan channel dwell time
scanresults
Return results from last scan.
scansuppress
Suppress all scans for testing.
0 - allow scans
1 - suppress scans
scb_timeout
AP only: inactivity timeout value for authenticated stas
scbdump
print driver scb state to stdout
scan
Initiate a scan.
Default an active scan across all channels for any SSID.
Optional arg: SSID, the SSID to scan.
Options:
-s S, --ssid=S SSID to scan
-t ST, --scan_type=ST [active|passive] scan type
--bss_type=BT [bss/infra|ibss/adhoc] bss type to scan
-b MAC, --bssid=MAC particular BSSID MAC address to scan, xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
-n N, --nprobes=N number of probes per scanned channel
-a N, --active=N dwell time per channel for active scanning
-p N, --passive=N dwell time per channel for passive scanning
-h N, --home=N dwell time for the home channel between channel scans
-c L, --channels=L comma or space separated list of channels to scan
NOTE: 'wl scan' does not work in AP Mode. To scan please use:
wl ap 0 wl scan wl scanresults wl ap 1 (back to AP mode)
set_pmk
Set passphrase for PMK in driver-resident supplicant.
shmem
Get/Set a shared memory location.
shortslot
Get/Set 11g Short Slot Timing mode. (-1=auto, 0=long, 1=short)
shortslot_override
Get/Set 11g Short Slot Timing mode override. (-1=auto, 0=long, 1=short)
shortslot_restrict
Get/Set AP Restriction on associations for 11g Short Slot Timing capable STAs.
0 - Do not restrict association based on ShortSlot capability
1 - Restrict association to STAs with ShortSlot capability
slowtimer
Get/Set Low frequency watchdog timeout (nrssislope) [60 sec]
spect
Get/Set 802.11h Spectrum Management mode.
0 - Off
1 - Loose interpretation of spec - may join non-11h APs
2 - Strict interpretation of spec - may not join non-11h APs
srdump
print contents of SPROM to stdout (Functions neither in AP, nor nor in Client mode ~or something~)??? Origional German: (weder im AP, noch im Client-Modus eine Ausgabe)???
srl
srl Set the short retry limit. (integer [1, 255])
ssid
Set or get the current SSID.
Setting will initiate an assoication attempt if in infrastructure mode,
or join/creation of an IBSS if in IBSS mode,
or creation of a BSS if in AP mode.
sta_info
wl sta_info <xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx>
status
Print information about current network association. (also known as "assoc")
suprates
Returns or sets the 11g override for the supported rateset.
With no args, returns the rateset. Args are a list of rates,
or 0 or -1 to specify an empty rateset to clear the override.
List of rates are in Mbps, example: 1 2 5.5 11
tkip
Set TKIP options.
wl tkip [options]
[on|enable|1] enable TKIP
[off|disable|0] disable TKIP
[sw|software] perform TKIP in software
[hw|hardware] perform TKIP in hardware
tkip_countermeasures
Enable or disable TKIP countermeasures (TKIP-enabled AP only)
0 - disable
1 - enable
tsc
Print Tx Sequence Couter for key at specified key index.
tssi
Get the tssi value from radio
txant
Set the transmit antenna
0 - force use of antenna 0
1 - force use of antenna 1
3 - use the RX antenna selection that was in force during
the most recently received good PLCP header
Note: can be used in conjunction with 'wl antdiv' to set the receive antenna
txpathpwr
Turn the tx path power on or off on 2050 radios
txpwr
Set transmit power in milliwatts. Range [1, 84]. (Deprecated: Use txpwr1 instead)
This can be set to a value above 84, but it may damage your hardware especially over prolonged use -- use with caution.
txpwr1
Set tx power in in various units. Choose one of (default: dbm):
-d dbm units
-q quarter dbm units
-m milliwatt units
Can be combined with:
-o turn on override to disable regulatory and other limitations
txpwrlimit
Return current tx power limit
ucflags
Get/Set ucode flags
upgrade
Upgrade the firmware on an embedded device
ver
Version information
~ # wl ver
wl: 3.60 RC13.0
wl0: Aug 2 2004 14:32:51 version 3.60.13.0
~ #
wake
set driver power-save mode sleep state:
0: core-managed
1: awake
wds
Set or get the list of WDS member MAC addresses.
Set using a space separated list of MAC addresses.
wl wds xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx [xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx ...]
wds_remote_mac
Get WDS link remote endpoint's MAC address
wds_wpa_role
Get/Set WDS link local endpoint's WPA role
wds_wpa_role_old
Get WDS link local endpoint's WPA role (old)
wep
Set WEP options.
wl wep [options]
[on|enable|1] enable WEP
[off|disable|0] disable WEP
[sw|software] perform WEP in software
[hw|hardware] perform WEP in hardware
wepstatus
Set or Get WEP status
wepstatus [on|off]
wet
Get/Set wireless ethernet bridging mode
wsec
Wireless security bit vector
1 - WEP enabled
2 - TKIP enabled
4 - AES enabled
8 - WSEC in software
wsec_test
Generate wsec errors
wsec_test <test_type> <keyindex|xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx>
type 'wl wsec_test ?' for test_types
wme
Set WME (Wireless Multimedia Extensions) mode (0=off, 1=on)
wsec_restrict
Drop unencrypted packets if WSEC is enabled
0 - disable
1 - enable
wpa_auth
WPA authorization mode
[none|0] none
[unspecified|1] WPA 802.1X
[psk|2] WPA PSK
[disable|255] disable WPA
